Important events in Pakistan during 2011

• January 3: The government enters into urgent talks with opposition parties after the Muttahida Quami Movement resigns from the coalition, depriving it of its majority.
• January 4: Salmaan Taseer, the governor of Punjab, is shot by one of his bodyguards near his home. Taseer dies of his wounds soon afterwards. His killer, Malik Mumtaz Qadri, turns himself in and claims he killed the governor due to his opposition to the blasphemy law in Pakistan.
• January 13: a reporter of Geo News, Wali Khan Babar is shot by unknown political gunmen in Karachi as target killing once again gripped the city.
• January 19: Massive earthquake of magnitude M_w 7.2 hits southwestern parts of the country including Karachi, with tremours jolting as far as New Delhi and Dubai.
• January 24: Another earthquake of magnitude M_w 6.3 jolts the upper parts of the country including Islamabad.
• January 25: At least thirteen people are killed while 70 others injured in a suicide bomb explosion in a mourning procession of Hazrat Imam Hussain near its concluding point at Kerbala Gamay Shah at Bhat Gate in Lahore.

Important Events In Pakistan During 2011

1. Former Punjab Governor Salman Taseer was killed on 4th January 2011.
2. On 19th January 2011 a big earthquake came in different areas of Pakistan.
3. On 27th January An American agent Raymond Davis killed 3 Pakistanis In Lahore and was caught on the spot.
4. On 30th March 2011 Pakistan played Cricket World Cup Semi Final with India.
5. On 22nd April 2011 Famous Pakistani Actor Moin Akhtar Passed away.
6. On 1st May 2011 Al Qaeda Leader Osama Bin Laden was allegedly killed in Abbottabad City of Pakistan.
7. President Asif Zardari's father died on 24th May 2011.
8. Wife of Former P.M Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Begum Nusrat Bhutto Passed away on 23rd October 2011.
9. On November 22nd Pakistan's Ambassador In US Hussain Haqqani resigned.
10. On 26th November 2011 at least 24 Pakistani Soldiers where killed In a Nato Attack. 
11. On 27th November Pakistan closed down Nato Supply Line to Afghanistan.

DAMS AND BARRAGES

DAMS AND BARRAGES

DUNGI DAM

Dohngi Dam (Dungi Dam) is a dam, located 2 kilometers northwest of Gujar Khan in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

GHAZI BAROTHA DAM

Ghazi Barotha Dam is located on Indus River in Pakistan. Ghazi Barotha Hydroelectric project is located around 100 km from Islamabad. It involved the construction of a partial river diversion at Ghazi Barotha, 7 km downstream from the Tarbela Dam.

The barrage diverts water into a 52 km concrete-lined channel and delivers it to the 1,450MW powerhouse at Barotha. This is further downstream, near the confluence of the Indus and Haro rivers. In this reach the Indus River drops by 76 m within a distance of 63 km. After passing through the powerhouse, diverted water is returned to the Indus. In addition to these main works, transmission lines stretch 340 km.

GOMAL DAM

Gomal Dam is located on Gomal river in South Waziristan, NWFP, Pakistan.

GOMAL ZAM DAM PROJECT

Gomal Zam Dam Project is located in Damaan area of NWFP, Pakistan. Gomal River, on which a 437 feet high Gomal Zam Dam will be built, is one of the significant tributaries of Indus River. It is planned to irrigate about 163,000 acres of land. The total projects costs amounts to Rs. 12 billion. It will be a Roller compacted concrete dam, having a gross storage of 1.14 MAF. It will produce 17.4 MW of electricity when completed. Approximately Rs. 4.388 billion contracts for the construction of Gomal Zam Dam Project was awarded to Messers CWHEC - HPE, a joint venture of two Chinese firms in August 2002.

GUDDU BARRAGE

Guddu Barrage is a barrage across river Indus, near Sukkur in Pakistan. President Sikander Mirza laid foundation-stone of the Guddu Barrage on February 2, 1957. The barrage was completed in 1962.

At the time of its construction it has maximum design discharge of 1.2 million cubic feet per second (34,000 m³/s). It is a gate-controlled weir type barrage with a navigation lock. The barrage has 64 bays, each 60 feet (18 m) wide. The maximum flood level height of Guddu barrage is 26 feet (8 m). It controls irrigation supplies to 2.9 million acres (12,000 km²) of agricultural lands in the Jacobabad, Larkana and Sukkur districts of Sindh and the Nasirabad district of Balochistan. The cost of the project was 474.8 million rupees. It feeds Ghotki Feeder, Begari Feeder, Desert and Pat Feeder canals.

HUB DAM

Hub Dam is a large water storage reservoir constructed in 1981 on the Hub River on the arid plains north of Karachi on provincial border between Balochistan and Sindh, Pakistan. The reservoir supplies water for irrigation in Lasbela District of Balochistan and drinking water for the city of Karachi. It is an important staging and wintering area for an appreciable number of waterbirds and contains a variety of fish species which increase in abundance during periods of high water. The Mahseer (Tor putitora), an indigenous riverine fish found in the Hub River, can grow up to 9 feet in length and more than 110 lbs. The Hub reservoir can grow up to 32 square miles and provides for excellent angling.

KAROONJHAR DAM

Karoonjhar Dam is a dam in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan.

MANGLA DAM

As per the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960, India gained rights for the Ravi, Sutlej and Beas rivers, while Pakistan, in addition to waters of above three rivers in her area and some monetary compensation, got rights to develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins. Until 1967, the entire irrigation system of Pakistan was fully dependent on unregulated flows of the Indus and its major tributaries. The agricultural yield was very low for a number of reasons, the most important being a lack of water during critical growing periods. This problem stemmed from the seasonal variations in the river flow and the absence of storage reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts of surplus water during periods of high river discharge.

The Mangla Dam was the first development project undertaken to reduce this shortcoming and strengthen the irrigation system. The dam was damaged partially during an Indian Air Force bombing in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the hydel project was hit by the bombs.

The Mangla Dam project

The Mangla Dam, the twelfth largest dam and third largest earth-filled dam in the world, is only 115 km southeast of Rawalpindi. One has to turn left from Dina Town and the dam on river Jhelum is about 14 km to the east. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 100 miles southeast of the federal capital, Islamabad. The main structures of the dam include 4 embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a power station.

The main dam is 10,300 feet long and 454 feet high (above core trench) with a reservoir of 97.7 square miles. Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1.13 MAF, and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4.75 MAF from the actual design of 5.88 MAF. The live capacity has declined to 4.58 MAF from 5.34 MAF. This implies a reduction of 19.22% in the capacity of the dam.

The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used for irrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and its tributaries. Its secondary function was to generate electrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of the reservoir. The project was not designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from its use for irrigation and water supply.

In the centre of the dam there is a Gakkhar Fort from where one can have a panoramic view of the lake.

MIRANI DAM

Mirani Dam is located in Gwadar District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Mirani Dam multipurpose project, is located on Dasht River, about 30 miles west of Turbat in Makran Division of Balochistan, it envisages provision of dependable irrigation supplies for the development ref irrigated agriculture on the two banks of the river. The project have been completed in November 2006 and inaugurated by president Pervaiz of Pakistan.

SHAKIDOR DAM

The Shakidor (Shadi Kor) dam is located near Pasni, in the Balochistan province of south west Pakistan, 1,900 km (1,180 miles) from Islamabad and has a length of about 148 meters (485 feet). It was built in 2003, at a cost of 45 million rupees (758,853 dollars), to provide irrigation water to the nearby farms.

On February 10, 2005, the dam burst under the pressure of a weeks' worth of rain, killing at least 70 villagers and dragging their bodies to the Arabian Sea. The Pakistani military was sent into emergency Search and Rescue operations, saving 1,200 people but still having to account for over 400 missing.

SUKKAR BARRAGE

The Sukkur barrage is a barrage across the Indus River near the city of Sukkur, Pakistan. It was built during the British Raj from 1923 to 1932 as the Lloyd Barrage to help alleviate famines caused by lack of rain. The barrage enables water to flow through what was originally a 6166-mile long network of canals, feeding the largest irrigation system in the world, with more than 5 million acres (20,000 km²) of irrigated land.

The retaining wall has sixty-six spans, each 60 feet wide; each span has a gate which weighs 50 tons.

TARBELA DAM

Tarbela Dam (or the National Dam), the world's largest earth-filled dam on one of the world's most important rivers - the Indus-, is 103 km from Rawalpindi near Haripur District. It is a major source of Pakistan's total hydroelectric capacity. Tarbela Dam is part of the Indus Basin Project, which resulted from a water treaty signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, guaranteeing Pakistan water supplies independent of upstream control by India. Construction began in 1968, and was completed in 1976 at a cost of Rs.18.5 billion. Over 15,000 Pakistani and 800 foreign workers and engineers worked during its construction. It is the biggest hydel power station in Pakistan having a capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity. The dam has a volume of 138,600,000 cubic yards (106,000,000 m³). With a reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet (13.69 km³), the dam is 469 feet (143 m) high and 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest while total area of the lake is 260 sq.km. It helps to maintain the flow of the Indus during seasonal fluctuations.

A new, smaller hydroelectric power project has been developed downstream known as the Ghazi Barotha Hydel Power Project. It is solely for generating electricity and has a water channel with the highest flow in the world.

While the dam has fulfilled its purpose in storing water for agricultural use in Pakistan, there have been environmental consequences to the Indus river delta. Reductions of seasonal flooding and reduced water flows to the delta have decreased mangrove stands and the abundance of some fish species.

Permits are required for visiting the Dam. Please contact Public Relations Officer (PRO), Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Tarbela (Tel: 051-568941-2). A No-Objection Certificate (NOC) from the Ministry of Interior (Shaheed-e-Millat Sectt.), Islamabad is also required for foreign visitors.

DIAMER-BHASHA DAM

Diamer-Bhasha Dam is the name of a dam that has been planned in the Northern Areas of Pakistan on the River Indus. It is located about 314 km upstream of Tarbela Dam and about 165 km downstream of Gilgit. The dam is expected to create a large reservoir with a gross capacity of 7.3 million-acre feet (9 km³) submerging large tracts of land in the Diamer district. The dam is supposed to have a power generation capacity of 3.360 megawatts and is expected to considerable ease up the skewed hydro to thermal power generation ratio in Pakistan. It is expected that the detailed drawings of the dam would be completed by March 2008, immediately after which construction work shall begin.

TANDA DAM

Tanda Dam is lcated in Kohat District, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. The site comprises a small water storage area in semi-arid hills in the catchments of the Kohat Toi River. Although most of the shoreline is steep, stony and devoid of aquatic vegetation, at the west end there are some areas of gently shelving muddy shores with a small amount of emergent vegetation.

NAMAL DAM

Namal Lake is located in one corner of the Namal valley in Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. This lake was created when Namal Dam was constructed in 1913. Namal Dam is situated some 32 km from Mianwali city. Namal Lake spread over 5.5 sq km, in Namal valley. There are mountains on its western and southern sides. On the other two sides are agricultural areas.

NAMAL dam is situated some 32 KM from Mianwali city. This dam is very old. British Government constructed it. When Mianwali became District then the district government buildings were constructed using water stored in Namal Lake from this Namal Dam.

In 1913, British engineers, to meet the scarcity of irrigation and drinking water, built a dam on this lake and from here they irrigated lands up to Mianwali city. But with the passage of time and construction of Thal Canal and installation of tube wells, its utility of water squeezed up to some limit. The gates of the dam are repaired by the irrigation department regularly but without enthusiasm. The hill torrents and rains fill the Namal Lake round the year. Due to a drought-like situation in the country, this lake dried up last year, which is the first incident of its kind during the last 100 years, said one of the senior inhabitants of this area.

An engineer told this correspondent that the name of Namal Dam still exists on the list of dams in the world. Namal Lake is an ideal abode for the migratory birds in winter season when thousands of waterfowls, including Russian ducks and Siberian cranes, land in the lake water. Due to the apathy of the wildlife department, these guest birds are ruthlessly killed by poachers. To save these birds, the wildlife department must declare this lake a sanctuary.

There is beautiful sulphur water fountain near the Numal dam site.People use this water for treatment of different diseases.This sulphur water fountain is very old but even then the flow rate of water is same .If government take care and give attention to this fountain then this can be a great source of sulphur.By drying the water you can get a good quality sulphur from here.

KANPUR DAM

Khanpur Dam is a dam located on the Haro River near the town of Khanpur, about 25 miles from Islamabad, Pakistan. It forms Khanpur Lake, a reservoir which supplies drinking water to Islamabad and Rawalpindi and irrigation water to many of the agricultural and industrial areas surrounding the cities. The dam was named from the former Khanpur village, which was submerged by the reservoir, so a new Khanpur town has been built downstream of the Dam.

The dam was completed in 1983 after a 15-year construction period believed to have cost Rs. 1,352 million. It is 167 feet high and stores 110,000 acre-feet of water.

MISRIOT DAM

Misriot dam is located 12 km southwest of Rawalpindi. This small dam has an artificial lake with boating and fishing facilities. Fishing permit may be obtained from fishing guard at Misriot. It has a pleasant landscape and walkways beyond the lake among eruptions of black rocks.

TANAZA DAM

It is a small dam located at about 35 Km southwest of Rawalpindi on Dhamial Road. Ideal for a day trip, the lake has a quiet atmosphere.

WARSAK DAM

The gignatic multi-purpose Warsak Dam is situated 30 kms north-west of Peshawar in the heart of tribal territory. It has a total generating capacity of 240,000 kw and will eventually serve to irrigate 110,000 acres of land.

TAUNSA BARRAGE

Taunsa Barrage is located on Indus river in Punjab, Pakistan.

The Taunsa Barrage was completed in 1958, and it has been identified as the barrage with the highest priority for rehabilitation. It requires urgent measures to avoid severe economic and social impacts on the lives of millions of poor farmers through interruption of irrigation on two million acres (8,000 km²) and drinking water in the rural areas of southern Punjab, benefiting several million farmers.

In 2003, the World Bank has approved a $123 million loan to Pakistan to rehabilitate the Taunsa Barrage on the River Indus whose structure had been damaged owing to soil erosions and old-age. This project will ensure irrigation of the cultivated lands in the area of the Muzaffargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan canals, and through the Taunsa-Panjnad Link Canal that supplements the water supply to Panjnad headworks canals.

TAUNSA BARRAGE (RAMSAR SITE)

Taunsa Barrage wetland site is located 20 km northwest of Kot Adu, Muzaffargarh District, Punjab, Pakistan.

The rare marbled teal Marmaronetta angustirostris is a regular passage migrant and winter visitor in small numbers. The rare Indus dolphin Platanista minor and otter Lutra perspicillata are present in the river in small numbers. The site forms a very important wintering area for waterbirds, (notably Anatidae), and a breeding area for several species, notably Dendrocygna javanica, and a staging area for certain cranes (Grus grus and Anthropoides virgo) and shorebirds. Dendrocygna javanica is a common breeding summer visitor with 325 counted in August 1995. Over 24,000 waterbirds were present in mid-January 1987, including: 620 Phalacrocorax niger, 79 Anser indicus, 2,780 Anas penelope, 770 A. strepera, 4,880 A. crecca, 270 A. platyrhynchos, 1,660 A. acuta, 390 A. clypeata, 4,690 Aythya ferina, 53 Anthropoides virgo, 150 Porphyrio porphyrio and 7,510 Fulica atra, along with fewer numbers of Tachybaptus ruficollis, Tadorna tadorna, Marmaronetta angustirostris, Netta rufina, Aythya fuligula, Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Himantopus himantopus and Numenius arquata.

The wetland was first declared as a Wildlife Sanctuary of 6,567 ha in 1972, the Sanctuary was re-listed in April 1983, then in July 1988 and subsequently in March 1993. It has been proposed that the Indus River from Taunsa Barrage upstream to Kalabagh and downstream to Guddu Barrage be declared as a World Heritage Site for the Indus dolphin Platanista minor.

CHASHMA BARRAGE (RAMSAR SITE)

Chashma Barrage wetland site is located Indus Monsoon Forest, some 25 km southwest of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan.

The site is comprised of a large barrage, a water storage reservoir and a series of embankments (serving as flood bounds) which divide the reservoir into five shallow lakes at low water levels. The site is comprised of a large barrage, a water storage reservoir and a series of embankments (serving as flood bounds) which divide the reservoir into five shallow lakes at low water levels.

The aquatic vegetation consists of Hydrilla verticillata, Nelumbium speciosum, Nymphaea lotus, Typha angustata, Typha elephantina, Phragmites australis, Potamogeton crispus-Myriophyllum sp.-Nymphoides cristatum, Potamogeton pectinatus, Saccharum spontaneum, Vallisneria spiralis and Zannichellia palustris. The natural vegetation of the region is a mixture of subtropical semi-evergreen scrub and tropical thorn forest. Species include Olea ferruginea, Acacia modesta, A. nilotica, Adhatoda vasica, Dodonaea viscosa, Gymnosporia sp., Prosopis cineraria, Reptonia buxifolia, Salvadora oleoides, Tamarix aphylla, T. dioica, Ziziphus mauritania, Z. nummularia, Chrysopogon aucheri, Lasiurus hirsutus, Heteropogon contortus and Panicum antidotale. Prosopis glandulosa has been introduced in the area. Most of the natural thorn forest on the plains to the east of the Indus has been cleared for agricultural land and for irrigated plantations of Dalbergia sissoo and other species. The rich fish fauna includes Gudusia chapra, Notopterus chitala, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, C. reba, Labeo rohita, L. microphthalmus, Puntius ticto, P. stigma, Barilius vagra, Wallago attu, Rita rita, Bagarius bagarius, Mystus aor, M. seenghala, Heteropneustes fossilis, Eutropiichthys vacha, Nandus sp., Mastacembelus armatus, M. pancalus, Ambassis nama, A. ranga and Channa punctatus. Other aquatic fauna includes Hirudinaria sp., Palaemon spp., Rana tigrina, Kachuga smithi, Trionyx gangeticus and Lissemys punctata. Mammals occurring in the area include Sus scrofa cristatus, Axis porcinus, Canis aureus, Felis libyca and Lutra perspicillata.

KACCHI CANAL PROJECT

Kachhi Canal Project is located in Punjab, Pakistan. Kachhi Canal Project was started in October 2002. The project, estimated to cost Rs28 billion, is planned as a fast track part of Vision-2025, the national development programme of water and hydropower resources. The first leg of the project comprises 500-kilometre-long Kachhi Canal to off take from Taunsa Barrage with a capacity of 6,000 cusecs. According to the official documents, the project will provide irrigation to 713,000 acres of land and will enhance cropping intensity in the project area from the present 2 per cent to 46 per cent. The Kachhi Canal will be fed through Taunsa Barrage for only six months.

PPSC General Knowledge

The place known as the Roof of the world is
Tibet
 The founder of the Chinese Republic was
San Yat Sen
  The first Pakistani to receive the Nobel Prize was
Abdul Salam
 The first woman Prime Minister of Britain was
Margaret Thatcher
 The first Secretary General of the UNO was
Trygve Lie
 The sculptor of the statue of Liberty was
Frederick Auguste Bartholdi
 The port of Baku is situated in
Azerbaijan
  John F Kennedy was assassinated by
Lee Harvey Oswald
The largest river in France is
Loire
 The Queen of England who married her brother-in-law was
Catherine of Aragon
 The first black person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize was
Ralph Johnson Bunche
 The first British University to admit women for degree courses was
London University
 The principal export of Jamaica is
Sugar
 New York is popularly known as the city of
Skyscrapers
 Madagascar is popularly known as the
Island of Cloves
 The country known as the Land of White Elephant is
Thailand
 The country known as the Land of Morning Calm is
Korea
 The country known as the Land of Thunderbolts is
Bhutan
 The highest waterfalls in the world is the
Salto Angel Falls, Venezuela
 The largest library in the world is the
United States Library of Congress, Washington DC
 The author of Harry Potter Books is
JK Rowling
 Nickname of New York city is
Big Apple
 What do you call a group of sheep?
A Flock of Sheep
 In which sport do players take long and short corners?
Hockey
 Who was the youngest President of the USA?
Theodore Roosevelt
 How many legs do butterflies have?
6 Legs & 2 Pair of Wings
The first Prime minister of Bangladesh was
Mujibur Rehman
 The longest river in the world is the
Nile
 The longest highway in the world is the 
Trans Canada
 The longest highway in the world has a length of About
8000 km
 The highest mountain in the world is the
Everest
 The country that accounts for nearly one third of the total tea production of the world is
Myanmar
 The biggest desert in the world is the
Sahara desert
 The largest coffee growing country in the world is
Brazil
 The country also known as "country of Copper" is
Zambia
 The name given to the border which separates Pakistan and Afghanistan is
Durand line
 The river Volga flows out into the
Caspian sea
The coldest place on the earth is
Verkoyansk in Siberia
 The country which ranks second in terms of land area is
Canada
 The largest Island in the Mediterranean sea is
Sicily
 The river Jordan flows out into the
Dead sea
 The biggest delta in the world is the
Ganges Delta
The capital city that stands on the river Danube is
Belgrade
 The Japanese call their country as
Nippon
 The length of the English channel is
564 kilometers
 The world's oldest known city is
Damascus
The city which is also known as the City of Canals is
Venice
 The country in which river Wangchu flows is
Myanmar
 The biggest island of the world is
Greenland
 The city which is the biggest centre for manufacture of automobiles in the world is
Detroit, USA
 The country which is the largest producer of manganese in the world is
China & South Africa

GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN

GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN

• Steel Mill is in Bin Qasim

• Old name of Jacobabad is Khangharh.

• Kot Digi Fort is in Khairpur district.

• Peshawar means city of flowers.

• Warsak dam (near Peshawar) is built on Kabul River.

• Tirich Mir mounts of Hindu Kash separate Afghanistan and Tajistan from Pak:

• Islamia College Peshawar was founded in 1914 by Sahibzada Abdul Qayum.

• Quaid Azam Medical College is in Bahawalpur.

• Choukundi toms are located near Karachi.

• Atock Fort was built by Akbar.

• The land b/w Indus & Jehlum River is called Thal Desert or Sindh Sagar Doab.

• Ruins of Harapa found in Sahiwal.

• Lahore Fort was built by Akbar.

• At Toonsa Sharif the borders of three provinces meet.

• With Gilgit & Baltistan the frontiers of three counties meet.

• Tochi pass connects Pak: with China.

• Pak: has 6 international airports.

• Pak: has 27 Radio Stations.

• Pak: railways factory is in Risalpur.

• Chitral is famous for gold.

• Port Qasim is the largest seaport of Pak: smallest is Gawadar

• The chairman of National Economic Council is PM.

• National flower of Pakistan is Jasmine.

• National bird of Pakistan is Chakore.

• National tree of Pakistan is Deodar.

• National animal of Pakistan is Markhor (a type of goat).

• National emblem of Pakistan is Cresent.

• National sport of Pakistan is land Hockey.

• Oldest cantonment of Pak: is Kohat.

• HQ of Pak: Army is at Rawalpindi.

• HQ of Airforce is at Chaklala.

• HQ of Navy is at Islamabad.

• Islamabad is 8 miles from Rawalpindi.

• Photograph on the coin of one rupee is Quaid’s photo.

• two rupee is Badshahi Mosque (chk)

• Ten rupee note is Khyber Pass.

• 4.8% of total area of Pak: Are forests (standard is 25%)

• Hub dam and Thadho Dam are in Malir Karachi near Gadap Town.

• Map of Shah Faisal Mosque was made by Wahdat Diloky of Turkey.

• Largest radio station of Pak: is Islamabad.

• Tarbela dam is in Abot Abad.

• Baitul Maal established in 1992.

• Pak: national flag was adopted on 11 August, 1947

• Jasmine adopted on July 5, 1961.

• National drink is Cane Juice.

• Railway stations in Pak: 965.

• Rabi crops are grown b/w months of Oct-March.

• Under Indus Water Basin Treaty Pak: got Jehlum, Chenab & Indus. India got Ravi, Sutlaj.

• Chenab and Jehlum flow from Kashmir.

• Tirchmir is the highest peak of Hindukash.

• A bicameral legislature was proposed for the first time in 1973 constitution.

• Length of Pak-India border is 1,610 km.

• Length of Pak-Iran border is 805 km.

• Length of Pak-China border is 595 km.

• Length of Pak-Afghan border is 2052 km or 1300 miles.

• 5 rivers flow in Punjab Ravi, Sutlaj, Chenab, and Indus & Beas.

Pakistan Affairs Solved MCQS

Q No: 01. When did Quid-e-Azam take oath as first Governor General of Pakistan?
(a) 14th Aug 1947

(b) 15th Aug 1947
(c) 16th Aug 1947
(d) 17th Aug 1947

Q No: 02. Who became first Prime Minister of Pakistan?
(a) Liaquat Ali Khan
(b) Khwaja Nazimuddin
(c) Mohammad Ali Bogra
(d) Ghulam Mohammad

Q NO: 03. Collectively how many Governor Generals ruled over Pakistan?
(a) 02
(b) 03

 (c) 04
(d) 05

Q No: 04. When did Pakistan become member of United Nations?
(a) 15th Aug 1947
(b) 30th Aug 1947
(c) 15th Sep 1947

(d) 30th Sep 1947

Q No: 05. Which country opposed Pakistan's membership in United Nations?
(a) India
(b) Russia 

(c) Afghanistan
(d) Malaysia

Q No: 06. Who was last Governor General of Pakistan?
(a) Quaid-e-Azam
(b) Khwaja Nazinuddin
(c) Ghulam Mohammad 

 (d) Iskander Mirza

Q No: 07. Which country was paid an official visit by the first Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1950?
(a) Saudi Arab
(b) Iran
(c) America
(d) China

Q No: 08. Which country accepted Pakistan first?
(a) Iraq
(b) Indonesia

(c) Iran
(d) India

Q No: 09. When Liaquat Ali Khan was assasinated? 

(a) 16th Oct 1951
(b) 17th Oct 1951
(c) 18th Oct 1951
(d) 19th Oct 1951

Q No: 10. Who became second Prime Minister of Pakistan?
(a) Choudhry Mohammad Ali

(b) Khwaja Nazimuddin
(c) Mohammad Ali Bogra
(d) Malik Feroz Khan Noon

Q No: 11. When Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was died?
(a) 11th Sep 1948
(b) 12th Sep 1948
(c) 13th Sep 1948
(d) 14th Sep 1948

Q No: 12. Who became second Governor General of Pakistan?

 (a) Khwaja Nazimuddin
(b) Malik Ghulam Mohammad
(c) General Ayoub Khan
(d) Iskander Mirza

13. For how much rupees Ranjit Singh sold the Kashmir?
(a) 80 Lacs  

(b) 75 Lacs(that was gulab singh)
(c) 70 Lacs
(d) 65 Lacs

14. when india as grieved party appeared before the Security Council?
(a) January 1948
(b) February 1948
(c) March 1948  

(d) April 1948

15. which headworks of canals irrigating Pakistani areas were unlawfully given to India?
(a) Madhopur
(b) Ferozpur

 (c) Both of them
(d) None of them

16. when India cut off Pakistan’s water supply without notice?
(a) March 1948

(b) April 1948
(c) June 1948
(d) July 1948

17. in which year a formal treaty of water was signed between India and Pakistan?

 (a) 1960
(b) 1961
(c) 1962
(d) 1963

18. under whose auspices water treaty was signed?
(a) UNO
(b) USA

 (c) World Bank
(d) Commonwealth

19. what do we call the water treaty signed between India and Pakistan?
(a) Indo-Pak Water Treaty

(b) Indus Basin Treaty
(c) Treaty of Water
(d) Rivers and Canals Treaty

20. Among the following which pact with India was signed by Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan?
(a) Peace and Security Pact
(b) Liaquat Gandhi Pact
(c) Friendship Pact  

(d) Liaquat Nehru Pact

21. India made a cowardly attack on Lahore which resulted as war between two countries. When this war broke out?
(a) 9th Sep 1965
(b) 7th Sep 1965

 (c) 6th Sep 1965
(d) 4th Sep 1965

22. after the war of 1965 which pact was signed between India and Pakistan?
(a) Bilateral Pact

(b) Tashkant Pact
(c) Moscow Pact
(d) Soviet Pact

23. who called upon indian and Pakistani leaders to sign the pact?
(a) Khrochev
(b) Gorbachev
(c) Alexie

(d) Henry Kosygin

24. from India who participated the Tashkant Declaration?
(a) Ms. Indra Gandhi

(b) Mr. Lal Bahadur Shastri
(c) Mr. Murarji Desai
(d) Mr. Sanjay Gandhi

25. who represented Pakistan in Tashkant Meeting?
(a) Gen. Ayub Khan
(b) Gen. Yahya Khan
(c) Mr. Z. A. Bhutto
(d) Gen. Iskander Mirza

26. when Tashkant Agreement was signed?

 (a) January 1966
(b) February 1966
(c) August 1966
(d) September 1966

27. who participated Tashkant Pact as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan?
(a) Mr. Hussain Shaheed
(b) Mr. I.I. Chundrigar
(c) Mr. Malik Feroz Khan  

(d) Mr. Z.A. Bhutto

28. which political party was established by Mr. Bhutto?

 (a) Pakistan Peoples Party
(b) Sindh Peoples Party
(c) West Pakistan Party
(d) United Peoples Party

29. when PPP was established?
(a) October 1967
(b) August 1967
(c) November 1967

(d) December 1967

30. what was slogan of PPP?
(a) Sabse Pehle Pakistan  

(b) Roti, Kapra or Makan
(c) Qarz utaro Mulk Sanwaro
(d) Democracy is the best revenge

31. when Gen Ayub Khan resigned from his President ship?
(a) 20th March 1969
(b) 23rd March 1969

 (c) 25th March 1969
(d) 29th March 1969

32. who became President of Pakistan after Ayub Khan?
(a) Mr. Z.A. Bhutto
(b) Mr. Fazl Elahi Choudhary 

(c) Gen. Yahya Khan
(d) Justice Rafique Tarar

33. in which year Gen. Yahya held General Elections in the country?

 (a) 1970
(b) 1971
(c) 1972
(d) 1973

34. In Elections who secured victory in East Pakistan?
(a) PPP
(b) Muslim League 

(c) Awami League
(d) Jamat-e-Islami

35. in West Pakistan who had the driving seat after Elections?
(a) Muslim League

(b) PPP
(c) Awami League
(d) Tehreek-e-Istakalal

36. which incident took place in 1971 which provided India chance to attack on Pakistan?
(a) attack on Indian parliament
(b) Indian drama of hijacking their own plane
(c) Skirmishes on Border
(d) All of them

37. what was the name of Indian plane that was hijacked? 

(a) Ganga
(b) Jamna
(c) Bangla
(d) Lanka

38. when India launched war against Pakistan?
(a) 15th November 1971
(b) 17th November 1971
(c) 19th November 1971 

 (d) 21st November 1971

39. which movement of East Pakistan also supported india in war of 1971?
(a) Bangla Movement
(b) Bangali Movement  

(c) Mukti Bahini
(d) Azadi Movement

40. when East Pakistan separated from West Pakistan?
(a) 26th December 1971
(b) 22nd December 1971
(c) 19th December 1971

(d) 16th December 1971

Razia Sultana

Daughter of Iltutmush, Razia Sultana was the first female Muslim ruler of South Asia. She was a talented, wise, just and generous woman. She was a great administrator and was well versed in governmental affairs. She was not only a good leader in the battlefield but herself was also an excellent fighter. As the most capable son of Iltutmush died during his own life, and the rest were incompetent to govern, Iltutmush nominated his daughter, Razia Sultana, as his successor on the throne of Delhi. Whenever Iltutmush had to leave his capital, he used to leave Razia Sultana in charge of the affairs in Delhi. But when Iltutmush died, Rukn-ud-din Firuz, one of his sons, occupied the throne and ruled for about seven months. Razia Sultana, with the support of the people of Delhi, secured the throne after defeating her brother in 1236.
Razia Sultana established complete law and order in her country. To rule the country, she abandoned her femininity and adopted a masculine getup. She used to dress as a man when appearing in public, be it in court or on the battlefield. She made an Ethiopian slave named Jalal-ud-din Yaqut her personal attendant and started trusting him the most. This challenged the monopoly of power claimed by the Turkish nobles.
The Turkish nobles resented having a woman as their ruler, especially when she started challenging their power. They began conspiring against her. In 1239, the Turkish governor of Lahore rebelled against Razia Sultana. However, when she marched against him, he first fled and then apologized. Then the governor of Bhatinda revolted. When Razia Sultana was trying to suppress the rebellion in Bhatinda, her own Turkish officers deposed her from the throne of Delhi and made her brother Bahram the Sultan. Razia Sultana married the governor of Bhatinda, Malik Altunia, and with his help tried to reoccupy the throne. She was defeated by the Turkish nobles and was compelled to flee away. A peasant who had offered her food and shelter while fleeing from an encounter killed her in her sleep. She died in 1240.

Muhammad Ghuri [1160-1206]

Muizz-ud-din Muhammad bin Sam, commonly known as Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Ghuri is one of the key persons who played a significant role in the establishment of Muslim rule in North India. An ambitious person, Muhammad Ghuri wanted to extend his rule towards South Asia. He took the small state of Ghazni from his brother Ghiyas-ud-din Muhammad bin Sam and turned it into an empire by conquering vast territories. First he captured the area ruled by the Ghaznavids and later on extended his rule to North India and Bengal. He was an able general and a brave soldier. He never let a temporary defeat stand in his way.
After his defeat in the first battle of Tarain in 1191 at the hands of Prithvi Raj Chauhan, ruler of Delhi and Ajmer, he spent a complete year preparing for war. He came back in 1192 and defeated Raj Chauhan in the second battle of Tarain. He was the first Muslim ruler to conquer Delhi and establish a Muslim rule in India.
Muhammad Ghuri was a loyal brother. He refrained from declaring his independence in South Asia, knowing that it would result in civil war between the two brothers. Till the death of Ghiyas-ud-din Muhammad bin Sam in 1202, Ghuri never considered himself anything but a general in his brother's army. After every victory he would send the best of the looted items to his elder brother in Firuz Koh. Ghiyas-ud-din reciprocated by never interfering in the affairs of his younger brother. Thus they were each able to concentrate on their own responsibilities. As a result, Muhammad Ghuri managed to push permanent Muslim rule much further east than Mahmud Ghaznavi did.
Muhammad Ghuri had no heirs and thus he treated his slaves as his sons. It is said that he trained thousands of Turkish slaves in the art of warfare and administration. Most of his slaves were given excellent education. During his reign many hardworking and intelligent slaves rose to positions of excellence. Once a courtier regretted that Sultan has no male heirs. Ghuri immediately replied, "Other monarchs may have one son, or two sons; I have thousands of sons. Namely my Turkish slaves who will be the heirs of my dominions, and who, after me, will take care to preserve my name in the Khutbah throughout these territories". Ghuri's prediction proved true when he was succeeded by a dynasty of Turkish Slaves.
Though Ghuri's main aim was the expansion of his empire, he also took an interest in the patronization of education and learning. Illustrious Muslim philosopher Fakh-ud-din Razi and the well know poet Nizami Aruzi were few of the big names of his era.
In 1206, Ghuri had to travel to Lahore to crush a revolt. On his way back to Ghazni, his caravan halted at Damik near Jehlum. He was killed while offering his evening prayers. Many think that the murderer was an Ismaili. However, some historians believe that the murderer belonged to the warrior Ghakkar tribe that resided in the area. He was buried where he fell and his tomb has recently been renovated. Muhammad Ghuri is remembered as an empire builder and is justly called the founder of the Muslim Empire in Indo-Pakistan.

Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk

Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, fondly known as Syed Mehdi Ali, was born to a family of Barah Syeds on December 9, 1837 at Etawah. Mehdi Ali received the best of early education in and around Etawah. He was given a thorough basic education, both in Persian and Arabic.
In 1867, he sat for the Provincial Civil Service examination and topped the list of successful candidates. He was appointed as Deputy Collector in U. P. It was here that he met Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. In 1874, Mehdi Ali proceeded to Hyderabad and for his meritorious services, he was conferred the titles of Munir Nawaz Jang and Nawab Mohsin-ud-Daula by the Nizam of Hyderabad.
In 1893, Mehdi Ali came to Aligarh and offered his services to Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to assist him in spreading the message of Aligarh. Upon the death of Sir Syed, he was appointed as the Secretary of the Muslim Educational Conference. Towards the beginning of 20th century, the Hindi-Urdu controversy arose in the United Provinces. Mohsin-ul-Mulk took up the pen in defense of Urdu in collaboration with the Urdu Defense Association.
Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, being a farsighted and politically conscious leader, carried on correspondence with the private secretary of the Viceroy to give his point-of-view on the necessity of separate representation for the Muslims in all legislatures and local bodies. In 1906, he, along with Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk, was asked to draft the constitution of the Muslim League.
He died on October 16, 1907 from chronic diabetes.

ALLAMA IQBAL

ALLAM IQBAL

Allama Iqbal, great poet-philosopher and active political leader, was born at Sialkot, Punjab, in 1877. He descended from a family of Kashmiri Brahmins, who had embraced Islam about 300 years earlier.
Iqbal received his early education in the traditional maktab. Later he joined the Sialkot Mission School, from where he passed his matriculation examination. In 1897, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts Degree from Government College, Lahore. Two years later, he secured his Masters Degree and was appointed in the Oriental College, Lahore, as a lecturer of history, philosophy and English. He later proceeded to Europe for higher studies. Having obtained a degree at Cambridge, he secured his doctorate at Munich and finally qualified as a barrister.
He returned to India in 1908. Besides teaching and practicing law, Iqbal continued to write poetry. He resigned from government service in 1911 and took up the task of propagating individual thinking among the Muslims through his poetry.
By 1928, his reputation as a great Muslim philosopher was solidly established and he was invited to deliver lectures at Hyderabad, Aligarh and Madras. These series of lectures were later published as a book "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam". In 1930, Iqbal was invited to preside over the open session of the Muslim League at Allahabad. In his historic Allahabad Address, Iqbal visualized an independent and sovereign state for the Muslims of North-Western India. In 1932, Iqbal came to England as a Muslim delegate to the Third Round Table Conference.
In later years, when the Quaid had left India and was residing in England, Allama Iqbal wrote to him conveying to him his personal views on political problems and state of affairs of the Indian Muslims, and also persuading him to come back. These letters are dated from June 1936 to November 1937. This series of correspondence is now a part of important historic documents concerning Pakistan's struggle for freedom.
On April 21, 1938, the great Muslim poet-philosopher and champion of the Muslim cause, passed away. He lies buried next to the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.

List of Presidents in Pakistan

List of Presidents in Pakistan

1-Iskander Mirza    
23 March 1956   TO   27 October 1958

2-Muhammad Ayub Khan 
27 October 1958  TO  25 March 1969
Military

3-Yahya Khan
25 March 1969    TO    20 December 1971
Military

4-Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
20 December 1971  TO   13 August 1973
Pakistan Peoples Party

5-Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
13 August 1973   TO  16 September 1978
Pakistan Peoples Party

6-Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
16 September 1978  TO   17 August 1988
Military

7-Ghulam Ishaq Khan
17 August 1988   TO    18 July 1993
Independent

8-Wasim Sajjad (Acting)
18 July 1993    TO   14 November 1993
Pakistan Muslim League (N)

9-Farooq Leghari
14 November 1993   TO  2 December 1997
Pakistan Peoples Party

10-Wasim Sajjad (Acting)
2 December 1997  TO   1 January 1998
Pakistan Muslim League (N)

11-Muhammad Rafiq Tarar
1 January 1998   TO     20 June 2001
Pakistan Muslim League (N)

12-Pervez Musharraf
20 June 2001    TO       18 August 2008
Military/Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

13-Muhammad Mian Soomro (Acting)
18 August 2008      TO      9 September 2008
Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

14-Asif Ali Zardari
9 September 2008     TO       (Incumbent)
Pakistan Peoples Party